Journal of Cold War Studies 21 (2019), 3

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Journal of Cold War Studies 21 (2019), 3
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Cambridge 2019: The MIT Press
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Journal of Cold War Studies
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The Editors Journal of Cold War Studies Cold War Studies Center 1730 Cambridge Street Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 Tel: 617-495-1909 Fax: 617-495-8319
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Wolff, Sarah

The Journal of Cold War Studies features peer-reviewed articles based on archival research in the former Communist world and in Western countries. Articles in the journal draw on declassified materials and new memoirs to illuminate and raise questions about numerous historical and theoretical concerns: theories of decision-making, deterrence, bureaucratic politics, institutional formation, bargaining, diplomacy, foreign policy conduct, and international relations.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Editor's Note

Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3: 1–3.
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/jcws_e_00891?ai=s7&ui=s96v&af=Tamp;af=T

Articles

A Case of “New Soviet Internationalism”: Relations between the USSR and Chile's Christian Democratic Government, 1964–1970
Rafael Pedemonte
Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3: 4–25.
After Iosif Stalin's death in 1953, the Soviet Union emerged from its isolation and began to show an interest in traditionally marginalized foreign societies. As the example of the Chilean-Soviet rapprochement under Eduardo Frei's administration (1964–1970) shows, Soviet leaders viewed state-to-state relations with “progressive” Latin American regimes as an appropriate means of undermining U.S. influence in the region without risking an armed confrontation with “imperialism.” The reformist project of the Chilean Christian Democratic government, which included a diplomatic opening to the Soviet bloc, provided a testing ground for the suitability of Moscow's new global approach. The surge of cultural and political exchanges indicate that the Soviet authorities were keenly interested in the Chilean experience. In addition, the considerable growth of travel and official missions beyond the Iron Curtain also demonstrates that Santiago wished to benefit by diversifying its international partners.
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/jcws_a_00894?ai=s7&ui=s96v&af=Tamp;af=T

The Chilean Moment in the Global Cold War: International Reactions to Salvador Allende's Victory in the Presidential Election of 1970
Sebastián Hurtado-Torres
Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3: 26–55.
This article discusses the reactions of governments and political leaders around the world to the victory of Salvador Allende in the Chilean presidential election of 1970—reactions that were shaped by a combination of ideological considerations, the diplomatic interests of particular states in the context of the Cold War, and an image of Chilean democratic exceptionalism purveyed by Chilean diplomats and largely assumed by a surprising number of people abroad. Reactions to Allende's victory in 1970 reflected the ideological divisions in Chilean politics as well as the tensions and anxieties of an international order that was then beginning to experience a series of significant changes as a result of the East-West détente. Paradoxically, Allende's ideological foreign policy, one of the main reasons for which his election was both dreaded and welcomed in different parts of the world, foretold some of the changes that would take place in the international system in the 1970s.
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/jcws_a_00892?ai=s7&ui=s96v&af=Tamp;af=T

Warsaw Pact Countries’ Involvement in Chile from Frei to Pinochet, 1964–1973
Radoslav A. Yordanov
Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3: 56–87.
This article examines the policies of Warsaw Pact countries toward Chile from 1964, when Eduardo Frei was elected Chilean president, until 1973, when Frei's successor, Salvador Allende, was removed in a military coup. The article traces the role of the Soviet Union and East European countries in the ensuing international campaign raised in support of Chile's left wing, most notably in support of the Chilean Communist Party leader Luis Corvalán. The account here adds to the existing historiography of this momentous ten-year period in Chile's history, one marked by two democratic presidential elections, the growing covert intervention of both Washington and Moscow in Chile's politics, mass strikes and popular unrest against Allende's government, a violent military coup, and intense political repression in the coup's aftermath. The article gives particular weight to the role of the East European countries in advancing the interests of the Soviet bloc in South America. By consulting a wide array of declassified documents in East European capitals and in Santiago, this article helps to explain why Soviet and East European leaders attached great importance to Chile and why they ultimately were unable to develop more comprehensive political, economic, and cultural relations with that South American country.
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/jcws_a_00893?ai=s7&ui=s96v&af=Tamp;af=T

The Revolution Will Be Teletyped: Cuba's Prensa Latina News Agency and
the Cold War Contest over Information
Renata Keller
Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3: 88–113.
This article is the first in-depth study of Cuba's revolutionary news agency, Prensa Latina. Drawing on a wide variety of archival and published sources, including Cuban media and memoirs, declassified intelligence reports, U.S. State Department records, and newspaper articles from across Latin America, the article analyzes the agency's controversial creation, international reception, and significance. The evidence presented here shows that Prensa Latina was a powerful weapon in Fidel Castro's revolutionary arsenal because it provided a way for the Cuban government to gather and shape information and garner international support. Studying the history of Prensa Latina provides new insight into the production, circulation, reception, restriction, and manipulation of information during the Cold War. The Cuban agency's efforts to reshape the international flow of information posed a clear challenge both to the traditional media and to Castro's enemies across the Americas, spurring them to pursue a wide variety of tactics to silence Prensa Latina.
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/jcws_a_00895?ai=s7&ui=s96v&af=Tamp;af=T

The “Cuban Question” and the Cold War in Latin America, 1959–1964
Tanya Harmer
Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3: 114–151.
This article explains how Latin American governments responded to the Cuban revolution and how the “Cuban question” played out in the inter-American system in the first five years of Fidel Castro's regime, from 1959 to 1964, when the Organization of American States imposed sanctions against the island. Drawing on recently declassified sources from Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Uruguay, and the United States, the article complicates U.S.-centric accounts of the inter-American system. It also adds to our understanding of how the Cold War was perceived within the region. The article makes clear that U.S. policymakers were not the only ones who feared Castro's triumph, the prospect of greater Soviet intervention, and the Cuban missile crisis. By seeking to understand why local states opposed Castro's ascendance and what they wanted to do to counter his regime, the account here offers new insight into the Cuban revolution's international impact and allows us to evaluate U.S. influence in the region during key years of the Cold War.
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/jcws_a_00896?ai=s7&ui=s96v&af=Tamp;af=T

Planning for a War in Paradise: The 1966 Honolulu Conference and the
Shape of the Vietnam War
Gregory A. Daddis
Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3: 152–184.
This article explores the impact of one of the key non-military events in the U.S. war in Vietnam, at least in the crucial years from 1964 to 1968. During a two-day U.S.–South Vietnamese conference held in Honolulu in early 1966, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara and Secretary of State Dean Rusk laid out a series of overarching strategic objectives, both military and political, that shaped the allied war effort through the 1968 Tet offensive, and even beyond. The goals outlined at the summit remained the touchstone of U.S. military strategy until they were superseded in 1969 by a policy of “Vietnamization” under the Nixon administration. These political-military objectives, however, suggested a fundamental problem with the U.S. approach to Vietnam, based as it was on a dangerous mixture of naïveté and idealism stemming from faulty assumptions about the efficacy of U.S. power abroad during the Cold War.
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/jcws_a_00897?ai=s7&ui=s96v&af=Tamp;af=T

U.S. Perceptions of the Communist Threat in Iran during the Mossadegh Era
Mark J. Gasiorowski
Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3: 185–221.
Most studies of the coup d’état in Iran in August 1953—a coup backed by U.S. and British intelligence agencies—attribute it at least partly to U.S. concerns about the threat of a Communist takeover in Iran. This article examines the evidence available to U.S. officials about the nature of the Communist threat in Iran prior to the coup, in the form of reports, analyses, and policy papers written on this subject at the time by U.S. officials. The documentation reveals that U.S. policymakers did not have compelling evidence that the threat of a Communist takeover was increasing substantially in the months before the coup. Rather, the Eisenhower administration interpreted the available evidence in a more alarming manner than the Truman administration had. The coup the administration undertook in response was therefore premature, at best.
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/jcws_a_00898?ai=s7&ui=s96v&af=Tamp;af=T

Forum

Cold War Adviser: Llewellyn Thompson and the Making of U.S. Policy toward the Soviet Union
James Goldgeier, Thomas W. SimonsJr., Vladimir Pechatnov, Vladislav Zubok, Dan Caldwell, Jenny Thompson, and Sherry Thompson
Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3: 222–257.
Llewellyn Thompson was arguably the most influential figure who ever advised U.S. presidents about policy toward the Soviet Union during the Cold War, yet until 2018 no book-length biography of him had appeared. Fortunately, a stellar biography was published last year, and it is the subject of this book forum. Thompson's two daughters, Jenny and Sherry, wrote the book after carrying out extensive archival research. The finished book is both absorbing and illuminating, a book worthy of Thompson. Five experts offer commentaries on various aspects of the book, followed by a reply from Thompson's daughters.
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/jcws_c_00899?ai=s7&ui=s96v&af=Tamp;af=T

Book Reviews

The Interrogation Rooms of the Korean War: The Untold Story
William Stueck
Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3: 258–260.
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/jcws_r_00900?ai=s7&ui=s96v&af=Tamp;af=T

Sowjetisch-indische Beziehungen 1941–1966: Imperiale Agenda und nationale Identität in der Ära von Dekolonisierung und Kaltem Krieg
Vojtech Mastny
Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3: 260–261.
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/jcws_r_00901?ai=s7&ui=s96v&af=Tamp;af=T

Thomas C. Mann: President Johnson, the Cold War, and the Restructuring of Latin American Foreign Policy
Alan McPherson
Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3: 262–264.
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/JCWS_r_00902?ai=s7&ui=s96v&af=Tamp;af=T

Le Péril rouge: Washington face à l'eurocommunisme
Guido Formigoni
Journal of Cold War Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3: 264–266.
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/10.1162/jcws_r_00903?ai=s7&ui=s96v&af=Tamp;af=T

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Bestandsnachweise 1520-3972 E-ISSN 1531-3298