Obsah – Contents
Úvodem – Preface 5
Vědecké stati – Studies
Robert Bernsee Delegitimation through Corruption: Legal and Administrative Changes in Bavaria and Prussia during the Napoleonic era (1800–1820) 9
András Cieger The Ways of Enrichment and its Interpretations in Hungarian Politics after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 34
Béla Bodó Heroes or Thieves? Nepotism, Clientage and Paramilitary Violence in Hungary, 1919–1921 66
Diskuse – Discussion
Vladimír Naxera Veřejné, nebo soukromé? Příspěvek do debaty o charakteru korupčních a klientelistických jevů (Public or Private? On the Discussion about the Character of Corruption and Clientelism) 117
Přehled bádání – Research Overview
Ines Koeltzsch History takes place. Neuere Forschungen zur Geschichte multiethnischer Städte Zentral- und Osteuropas im 20. Jahrhundert 131
Recenze – Reviews of Books
RÓBERT KISS SZEMÁN, Slovanský Goethe v Pešti: Ján Kollár a národní emblematismus středoevropských Slovanů (József Demmel) 153
JITKA BALCAROVÁ, „Jeden za všechny, všichni za jednoho!“ Bund der Deutschen a jeho předchůdci v procesu utváření „sudetoněmecké identity“ (Jana Malínská) 157
DETLEF BRANDES, ALENA MÍŠKOVÁ, Vom Osteuropa-Lehrstuhl ins Prager Rathaus. Josef Pfi tzner 1901–1945 (Karel Hruza) 165
MILAN DUCHÁČEK, Václav Chaloupecký. Hledání československých dějin (Roman Pazderský) 174
BIRGIT VIERLING, Kommunikation als Mittel politischer Mobilisierung: die Sudetendeutsche Partei (SdP) auf ihrem Weg zur Einheitsbewegung in der Ersten Tschechoslowakischen Republik (1933–1938) (Mikuláš Zvánovec) 183
JAROMÍR BALCAR, JAROSLAV KUČERA, Von der Rüstkammer des Reiches zum Maschinenwerk des Sozialismus. Wirtschaftslenkung in Böhmen und Mähren 1938 bis 1945 (Rüdiger Hachtmann) 189
Zprávy a anotace – Short Reviews and Annotations197
Seznam autorů – List of Authors212
Autorům – Editorial Note214
Abstracts:
Robert BernseeDelegitimation through Corruption: Legal and Administrative Changes in Bavaria and Prussia during the Napoleonic era (1800–1820)
The article deals with corruption in Bavaria and Prussia around 1800. In accordance with recent research, the author assumes corruption as a socially constructed phenomenon that is subjected to a historical change. In this article, he tries to show how a new notion of corruption appeared in public, became a weapon in political conflicts and influenced the legal and administrative reforms in both German monarchies. The author concludes that corruption charges might be seen as a driving force behind the legal reforms: The reformers in both countries tried to delegitimise the old regime by corruption charges and, thus, cleared the way for bureaucratic reforms. This delegitimation can be observed in public debates, in internal discussions and in the new laws themselves.
András CiegerThe Ways of Enrichment and its Interpretations in Hungarian Politics after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
The principal questions of this case study concern the birth of a new political regime, the first years of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise: which legal, political and moral norms regulated the enrichment of politicians and where contemporary discourse posited the limits of corruption. The article answers these questions through the analysis of the cases of some Hungarian politicians. The author explores the varied sources available about the incriminating aff airs: archival materials, personal documents, and newspapers, together with a number of literary representations of the problem. The historical data serve to demonstrate that corruption is an elastic notion. Studying the discourse of corruption highlights that neither the seriousness of the deed nor the truth of the accusations was important, in fact political situation alone determined if the politicians would be blackened or not. The Compromise Era offers a number of examples of the establishment of this new form of political infighting and its first successful application.
Béla BodóHeroes or Th ieves? Nepotism, Clientage and Paramilitary Violence in Hungary, 1919–1921
This article examines the social context of paramilitary violence and scrutinizes the motives of the perpetrators in Hungary between 1919 and 1921 in a social context. The atrocities committed against middle-class Jews, the article argues, was primarily motivated by greed rather than ethnic and religious hatred; they were favored by the “retreat of the state,” its loss of monopoly on the means of violence and a collusion between the political and social elites and middle-class organizations, on the one hand, and the paramilitary groups, on the other. The article attributes the defeat of the militia movement in Hungary to its leaders’ lack of political talent and the slow restoration of law and order under the conservative government of István Bethlen in the early 1920s.
Vladimír NaxeraVeřejné, nebo soukromé? Příspěvek do debaty o charakteru korupčních a klientelistických jevů (Public or Private? On the Discussion about the Character of Corruption and Clientelism)
In this discussion essay the author deals with the essentiality of corruption. The paper is intended to be a contribution to the debate on the definition of corruption and clientelism. The author focuses on distinction between public and private sphere and tries to explain why corruption and clientelism are phenomena related only to the public one. In the other words: why “bribery” within private sphere (for example within interaction between two employees of two private companies) cannot be considered as corruption in its meaning used in social sciences.
Ines KoeltzschHistory takes place. Neuere Forschungen zur Geschichte multiethnischer Städte Zentral- und Osteuropas im 20. Jahrhundert
Since the debate on the past and present of Central Europe among emigré writers and intellectuals in the 1980s the urban history of Central and Eastern Europe has become a vivid research field in the German and English historiography. It also went alongside with the ‘spatial turn’ in historiography which claims an importance of space in historical analysis. The review essay discusses three books by two German and one American scholar representing three different perspectives on urban history in the ‘age of extremes’: the city as a space of experience (Lviv), the city as a palimpsest (Grodno) and the microhistory of a city through the lens of a tenement and its residents (Warsaw). All three books demonstrate that urban history beside or even because of its methodological eclecticism offer important insights into the history of society. It illuminates processes of integration, exclusion and annihilation on a local level and integrates them into a macrohistorical analysis as well as into the history of modern social, cultural and political identities and loyalities, emphasising their situativity and fluidity.