For many years, exhibitions devoted to women artists have been renewing the way women are seen as actors in art. They thus reinterpret the deliberately provocative question posed in 1971 by Linda Nochlin: “Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?”. While the work initiated by this question has brought to light a number of female figures in art, the role of women as intermediaries within the various artistic spheres has received much less attention from art historians. A very recent work (F. Duhautpas, C. Foucher Zarmanian, H. Marquié, 2022) has opened a path by exploring, mainly for the 19th–20th century, the role of women as mediators in the arts. It seems also relevant to apply this questioning to the two preceding centuries. Indeed, the modern period corresponds to a turning point in the development of the European art market, accompanied by a spectacular growth in the number of intermediaries in these networks. Defined in 1987 as “the set of individuals who assume responsibilities between individuals - present or past - and the public [...]” (A. Chastel and K. Pomian, 1987), intermediaries have since benefited from a continuous interest in art history. However, the place and role of non-artist women within the "art worlds" (H. Becker, 1982) of early modernity remain to be written (and described): the notion of intermediary must now explore its feminine figures.
Starting from the premise that women were able to develop strategies for action despite the limitations imposed by laws and morals, we would like to question their insertion into an apparently discriminating system. Whether they were collectors, enlightened amateurs, art critics, dealers, restorers, publishers, traders in paintings and prints, or peddlers, how did they circumvent or overcome the obstacles imposed on their sex in order to exercise these different roles in the artistic spheres of their time between the 17th and 18th centuries? Are these obstacles the same for all of them? How does their agentivity allow them to exercise a role and assume responsibilities between the public, the work and the artist? Are these intermediary women exceptions in a world of men, or do they form a population that is invisibilised by sources and norm? What do their successes and failures tell us about the socio-cultural and institutional dynamics at work in these societies? This workshop also wishes to address the place of women within networks in a horizontal (guilds, salonnières, etc.) and vertical (patrons, “women of”, etc.) perspective.
These questions invite us to follow the methods developed by gender studies, which encourage multidisciplinarity, more likely to open up new perspectives both in art history and in the other fields of the human sciences (history, sociology, economics, law, philosophy, literature, musicology, etc.). Only such a cross-disciplinary approach will make it possible to grasp the major difficulty of this subject: the lack of documentation.
The aim of this workshop will be to draw up an overview of the question for the modern period in various artistic spheres (fine arts, decorative arts, art criticism, music, literature, etc.). In the continuity of works that shed light on the presence of women in artistic circles, the main objective would be to present women's careers or reticular studies for the 17th and 18th centuries. Far from wanting to develop a discourse that would place these female figures on the margins of artistic production networks, we would like to integrate these specific paths as essential stakeholders to the proper development of these spheres.
Submission:
Paper proposals (between 400 and 500 words) should be sent, together with a short biography, to the following address: femmes.intermediaires@gmail.com. The deadline for submission is 31 January 2023 (included).
Applicants will be informed of their selection by 31 March 2023 at the latest. The papers may be presented in English and French within the 20-minute limit and will be followed by an exchange with the public. The study day is open to all researchers, regardless of status or discipline. Mobility assistance may be granted to students (from outside the Ile-de-France) depending on the funds available.
The study day will take place on Thursday 8 June 2023 at the Institut national d'histoire de l'art, at the André Chastel Centre (2 rue Vivienne, 75002 Paris).
Organizing committee
- Natacha Aprile / Centre André Chastel - Paris-Sorbonne - EHESS
- Maxime Bray / Centre André Chastel - Paris-Sorbonne
- Défendin Détard / Centre André Chastel - Paris-Sorbonne
Scientific committee
- Christine Gouzi, professor in pre-modern Art history, Sorbonne Université / Centre André Chastel - Paris-Sorbonne
- Séverine Sofio, sociologist, researcher for CNRS / CRESPPA - UMR 7217