IN RECENT YEARS, each volume of the Austrian History Yearbook has brought evidence of the refreshing new perspectives that scholars have been advancing for whole areas of Austrian and Habsburg historiography. Volume XXXV is no exception in this regard. While over the last decade political scientists have shown new interest in the growth and dynamics of the state and other political institutions, historians of Central Europe, too, have been offering new insights into the development of the modern state and the state´s changing relationship with society. Fredrik Lindstrom´s article on Ernest von Koerber´s reform plans for the Austrian government just after 1900 offers a challenging reassessment of the meaning and purposes of those initiatives. In analyzing the character and role of agrarian societies in Bohemia and Moravia in the middle and late eighteenth century, Rita Krueger reminds us of how provincial elites joined with state authorities in advancing some of the projects of enlightened reform even while they resisted others. The research of Jeffrey Leigh on official press policy in the 1850s demonstrates that later, even under Bach absolutism, a government that was determined to quash free political activity in society still tried to respect the rule of law and to cultivate public opinion in positive ways. The Habsburg dynasty and the elaborate protocol of the imperial court and imperial celebrations were always, of course, important symbolic and functioning parts of the state apparatus. Michael Yonan offers new insights on the daily life and ceremonial of the Schonbrunn Palace in Maria Theresa´s reign, while Peter Urbanitsch reassesses the role of the emperor and imperial monuments and celebrations in upholding the Habsburg state and encouraging popular identification with it during its last century. In the essays by Fred Stambrook on Bukovina, Peter Bugge on Bratislava/Pressburg/ Pozsony/Presporok, and Maura Hametz on Trieste, readers will find excellent illustrations of historians´ growing appreciation of the contingency, ambiguities, and mutability of popular political loyalties, group identities, and the discourse that expressed those identities in late nineteenth and twentieth-century Central Europe. Discourse and language have been a significant interest for Robert J. W. Evans for a number of years. His Robert J. Kann Memorial Lecture, published in this volume, makes a compelling argument for the important of language and languages as such, alongside the politics of language, in the history of the Habsburg monarchy.
With the publication of volume XXXV, we note also several milestones in the life of the Yearbook. Having given dedicated service as a member of the editorial board since 1995, James Van Horn Melton has stepped down to devote himself to other responsibilities. We welcome as a correspondent for the Italian and Swiss historical communities Marina Cattaruzza, formerly of the University of Trieste and now professor of history at the University of Bern. From Oxford, the Regius Professor of Modern History, Robert J. W. Evans also joins the roster of correspondents, as does Eva Kowalska from the Historical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava and Yaroslav Hrytsak of the L¡¯viv National University. The editing and publication of the Austrian History Yearbook each year would not be possible without the extraordinary efforts of our colleagues at the Center for Austrian Studies in Minneapolis, Nicole Phelps, Barbara Krauss-Christensen, Daniel Pinkerton, and Virginia Martin; and at Berghahn Books, Marion and Vivian Berghahn and their staff. We depend enormously on the skills and dedication of these gifted colleagues in presenting the work of our authors in proper form to the readership.
Catherine Albrecht Gary B. Cohen Charles W. Ingrao
VOLUME XXXV 2004
AUSTRIAN HISTORY YEARBOOK
Contents
Editors' Notes viii
Nineteenth Annual Robert A. Kann Memorial Lecture
Language and State Building: The Case of the Habsburg Monarchy BY R. J. W. EVANS 1
ArticlesModesty and Monarchy: Rethinking Empress Maria Theresa at Schonbrunn BY MICHAEL E. YONAN 25
Mediating Progress in the Provinces: Central Authority, Local Elites, and Agrarian Societies in Bohemia and Moravia BY RITA A. KRUEGE 49
Public Opinion, Public Order, and Press Policy in the Neoabsolutist State: Bohemia, 1849-52 BY JEFFREY T. LEIGH 81
Pluralist Myth and Nationalist Realities: The Dynastic Myth of the Habsburg Monarchy. A Futile Exercise in the Creation of Identity? BY PETER URBANITSCH 101
Ernest von Koerber and the Austrian State Idea: A Reinterpretation of the Koerber Plan (1900-1904) BY FREDRIK LINDSTROM 143
National and Other Identities in Bukovina in Late Austrian Times BY FRED STAMBROOK 185
ForumWhat's in a Name? Anointing the Nation-State
The Making of a Slovak City: The Czechoslovak Renaming of Pressburg/Pozsony/Presporok, 1918-19 BY PETER BUGGE 205
Commentary: Crucible of Nationhood BY DUSAN KOVAC 229
The Nefarious Former Authorities: Name Change in Trieste, 1918-22 BY MAURA E. HAMETZ 233
Commentary: Between Invention and Imagination.Nationalism, National Identity, Trieste, and the International Context BY ALESSANDRO BROGI 253
Commentary: Renaming the Promised Land BY PIETER JUDSON 259
Book Reviews
GENERAL
Arnbom, Marie-Theres. Friedmann, Gutmann, Lieben, Mandl, Strakosch. Funf Familienportrats aus Wien vor 1938. BY IAN RIEFOWITZ 269
Bruckmuller, Ernst. Sozialgeschichte Osterreichs. BY JAMES VAN HORN MELTON 270
Buchmann, Bertrand Michael. Hof-Regierung-Stadtverwaltung. Wien als Sitz der osterreichischen Zentralverwaltung von den Anfangen bis zum Untergang der Monarchie. BY STEVEN BELLER 272
Bucur, Maria, and Nancy M. Wingfield, eds. Staging the Past: The Politics of Commemoration in Habsburg Central Europe, 1848 to the Present. BY PETER HASLINGER 273
Czaplicka, John, ed. Lviv: A City in the Crosscurrents of Culture. BY ALISON FRANK 275
Fellner, Fritz. Geschichtsschreibung und nationale Identitat. Probleme und Leistungen der osterreichischen Geschichtswissenschaft. BY HARRY RITTER 276
Gyani, Gabor. Parlor and Kitchen: Housing and Domestic Culture in Budapest, 1870-1940. BY ROBERT NEMES 278
Kaser, Karl. Macht und Erbe. Mannerherrschaft, Besitz und Familie im ostlichen Europa (1500-1900). BY HERMANN REBEL 279
King, Jeremy. Budweisers into Czechs and Germans: A Local History of Bohemian Politics, 1848-1948. BY KARL F. BAHM 282
TO 1848
Blockmans, Wim. Emperor Charles V, 1500-1558. BY JAMES D. TRACY 284
Bonazza, Marcello. Il fisco in una statualita divisa: Impero, principi e ceti in area trentino-tirolese nella prima eta moderna. BY CHRISTOPHER STORRS 285
Brown, A. Peter. The Symphonic Repertoire. Vol. 2. The First Golden Age of the Viennese Symphony: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and Schubert. BY JANET K. PAGE 286
Helmedach, Andreas. Das Verkehrssystem als Modernisierungsfaktor. Straßen, Post, Fuhrwesen und Reisen nach Triest und Fiume vom Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts bis zum Eisenbahnzeitalter. BY GERHARD ROSEGGER 287
Lutter, Christina. Politische Kommunikation an der Wende vom Mittelalter zur Neuzeit. Die diplomatischen Beziehungen zwischen der Republik Venedig und Maximiliam I. (1495-1508). BY PAULA SUTTER FICHTNER 289
Portner, Regina. The Counter-Reformation in Central Europe: Styria, 1580-1630. BY JOSEPH F. PATROUCH 290
Puhringer, Andrea. Contributionale, Oeconomicum und Politicum. Die Finanzen der landesfurstlichen Stadte Nieder- und Oberösterreichs in der Frühneuzeit. BY ANDREAS WEIGL 292
Wolff, Larry. Venice and the Slavs: The Discovery of Dalmatia in the Age of Enlightenment. BY DRAGO ROKSANDI 293
Zehetmayer, Roman. Kloster und Gericht. Die Entwicklung der klösterlichen Gerichtsrechte und Gerichtsbarkeit im 13. Jahrhundert unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Zisterze Zwettl. BY CHARLES R. BOWLUS 294
1848-1918
Angelow, Jürgen. Kalkül und Prestige: Der Zweibund am Vorabend des Ersten Weltkrieges. BY FRANZ ADLGASSER 296
Cornwall, Mark, ed. The Last Years of Austria-Hungary: A Multi-National Experiment in Early Twentieth-Century Europe BY CLAIRE NOLTE 297
Freifeld, Alice. Nationalism and the Crowd in Liberal Hungary, 1848-1914. BY LASZLO PETER 298
Rachamimov, Alon. POWs and the Great War: Captives on the Eastern Front. BY VEJAS GABRIEL LIULEVICIUS 300
SINCE 1918
Bachinger, Karl, Felix Butscheck, Herbert Matis, and Dieter Stiefel. Abschied vom Schilling: Eine österreichische Wirtschaftsgeschichte. BY JURGEN NAUTZ 301
Gruner, Wolf. Zwangsarbeit und Verfolgung. Osterreichische Juden im NS-Staat 1938-45. BY HELGA EMBACHER 302
Hobelt, Lothar. Defiant Populist: Jorg Haider and the Politics of Austria, 1986-2000. BY GUNTER BISCHOF 303
Kenney, Padraic. A Carnival of Revolution: Central Europe 1989. BY JOHN CONNELLY 305
Miller, Daniel E. Forging Political Compromise: Antonin Svehla and the Czechoslovak Republican Party, 1918-1933. BY CATHERINE ALBRECHT 307
Raska, Francis Dostal. The Czechoslovak Exile Government in London and the Sudeten German Issue. BY BRUCE BERGLUND 308
Sluga, Glenda. The Problem of Trieste and the Italo-Yugoslav Border: Difference, Identity, and Sovereignty in Twentieth-Century Europe. BY ROBERT MINNICH 310
Steininger, Rolf, Gunter Bischof, and Michael Gehler, eds. Austria in the Twentieth Century. BY JILL LEWIS 311