Historical Social Research/ Historische Sozialforschung HSR Vol. 34 (2009) No. 3 – Special Issue: Social Bookkeeping Data
Special Issue: Nina Baur (Ed.): «Social Bookkeeping Data: Data Quality and Data Management» / «Soziale Buchführungsdaten: Datenqualität und Datenmanagement» & Focus: Ingvill C. Mochmann, Sabine Lee & Barbara Stelzl-Marx (Eds.): «Children Born of War: Second World War and Beyond» / «Kinder des Krieges: Zweiter Weltkrieg und danach»
HSR Vol. 34 (2009) 3, 376 pages.
HSR Vol. 34 (2009) 3, Part I: Special IssueNina Baur (Ed.): «Social Bookkeeping Data: Data Quality and Data Management» / «Soziale Buchführungsdaten: Datenqualität und Datenmanagement»
Social bookkeeping data (also called public administrational data, quantitative/standardized process-produced/process-generated data, mass data or mass files) are one of the oldest sources of information used both in historical and in social research. While they resemble survey data in many ways, they also raise specific methodological problems: In contrast to research-elicited data, data production is not controlled by the researcher. Instead, societal and institutional filters influence a) which data are produced and how they are produced (production bias), and b) if and how data are stored (selection bias). Accordingly, in the 1970s and 1980s, there has been an intense discussion on data quality and data management of public administrational data in German historical social research, namely in HSR. While the use of mass data has increased in recent years due to paradigm shifts both in methodology and theory, due to new developments in IT and due to increased accessibility of these data types, the methodological debate strangely lacks behind this development. This special issue thus aims at re-opening the discussion on social bookkeeping data and linking it to modern methodological discourse (particularly in survey and mixed methods research). Starting from different stages of the research process, authors ask, what can happen there with and to data and samples? Which problems can arise? Can they be avoided? If not, how should they be properly handled? Do these problems arise for all sources, or are they specific to some sources? Major methodological issues to be tackled are (a) data lore and measurement quality; (b) data selection and sampling problems; (c) archiving and statistical programmes and (d) data preparation.
HSR Vol. 34 (2009) 3, Part II: FocusIngvill C. Mochmann, Sabine Lee & Barbara Stelzl-Marx (Eds.): «Children Born of War: Second World War and Beyond» / «Kinder des Krieges: Zweiter Weltkrieg und danach»
As in every other war, during and after WWII children were born whose parents belonged to opposite sides of the conflict. Being the child of the “enemy” or of occupation forces, be they friendly or adversarial, has influenced the lives of the children born of war and occupation up until now. Many have been exposed to stigmatisation and discrimination. Now in their fifties and sixties, some have started looking for their roots only recently, thus trying to break the wall of silence that has surrounded them for several decades. Most of them have been concerned with this “stain” of their mixed parentage for their whole lives, often without being able to exchange their experiences with others of similar background. This holds not only for enemy children, but also for children from allied forces such as American soldiers in Britain or Soviet soldiers in Austria and Germany, all of whom seem to have experienced similar difficulties and have been exposed to comparable discrimination. Regardless of the dimension and social impact of the tens of thousands of children born of war, this topic has so far found little attention in academia, particularly when compared to other aspects of WWII research. Even in German speaking countries with their greater exposure the phenomenon of children born of war, the interest in the topic has been limited. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers were serving in the Wehrmacht all over Europe during WWII and in the post-war decade American, British Soviet and French troops were occupying Germany and Austria. As a result the German dimension of this topic is significant. In order to make the contributions accessible to the broader German speaking audience, who may again be important knowledge providers, the contributions in this HSR focus are in German except for a summary article on children born of war during the Second World War and beyond. Two articles examine the situation of the children fathered by German soldiers and local women in occupied territories, in Denmark and the Netherlands. The other two articles analyse the situation of children fathered by American soldiers and local women in Germany and Britain and children of Soviet soldiers and local women in Germany and Austria.
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CONTENTS
PART I: SPECIAL ISSUENina Baur (Ed.): «Social Bookkeeping Data: Data Quality and Data Management» / «Soziale Buchführungsdaten: Datenqualität und Datenmanagement»
Nina Baur Measurement and Selection Bias in Longitudinal Data. A Framework for Re-Opening the Discussion on Data Quality and Generalizability of Social Bookkeeping Data. – Seite 9
Mark Abrahamson, Kenneth Bollen, Myron P. Gutmann, Gary King & Amy Pienta Preserving Quantitative Research-Elicited Data for Longitudinal Analysis. New Developments in Archiving Survey Data in the U.S. – Seite 51
Christoph Thonfeld Collecting and Interpreting Qualitative Research-Elicited Data for Longitudinal Analysis. The Case of Oral History Data on World War II Forced Labourers. – Seite 60
Spyridoula Arathymou Finding and Accessing the Right Archive and Archival Data. Archival Tools to Support Research and to Make Archives Available to Public. – Seite 71
George Alter, Kees Mandemakers & Myron P. Gutmann Defining and Distributing Longitudinal Historical Data in a General Way Through an Intermediate Structure. – Seite 78
Tatjana Mika The Effects of Social and Institutional Change on Data Production. The Case of Welfare State Reforms on the Rise and Decline of Unemployment and Care-Giving in the German Pension Fund Data. – Seite 115
Thomas Kruppe Empirical Consequences of Definitions. The Case of Unemployment in German Register Data. – Seite 138
Peter B. Meyer Who had an occupation? Changing Boundaries in Historical U.S. Census Data. – Seite 149
Gunnar Thorvaldsen Changes in Data Collection Procedures for Process-Generated Data and Methodological Implications. The Case of Ethnicity Variables in 19th Century Norwegian Censuses. – Seite 168
Christian Seysen Effects of Changes in Data Collection Mode on Data Quality in Admi- nistrative Data. The Case of Participation in Programmes Offered by the German Employment Agency. – Seite 191
Tanja Hethey & Anja Spengler Combined Firm Data for Germany (KombiFiD). Matching Process-Generated Data and Survey Data. – Seite 204
Markus Köhler & Ulrich Thomsen Data Integration and Consolidation of Administrative Data From Various Sources. The Case of Germans’ Employment Histories. – Seite 215
Martina Huber & Alexandra Schmucker Identifying and Explaining Inconsistencies in Linked Administrative and Survey Data: The Case of German Employment Biographies. – Seite 230
Patrycja Scioch & Dirk Oberschachtsiek Cleansing Procedures for Overlaps and Inconsistencies in Administrative Data. The Case of German Labour Market Data. – Seite 242
PART II: FOCUS:Ingvill C. Mochmann, Sabine Lee & Barbara Stelzl-Marx (Eds.): «Children Born of War: Second World War and Beyond» / «Kinder des Krieges: Zweiter Weltkrieg und danach»
Ingvill C. Mochmann, Sabine Lee & Barbara Stelzl-Marx The Children of Occupations Born During the Second World War and Beyond – An Overview. – Seite 263
Ingvill C. Mochmann & Arne Øland Der lange Schatten des Zweiten Weltkriegs: Kinder deutscher Wehrmachtssoldaten und einheimischer Frauen in Dänemark. – Seite 283
Monika Diederichs „Moffenkinder“: Kinder der Besatzung in den Niederlanden. – Seite 304
Sabine Lee Kinder amerikanischer Soldaten in Europa: ein Vergleich der Situation britischer und deutscher Kinder. – Seite 321
Barbara Stelzl-Marx Die unsichtbare Generation. Kinder sowjetischer Besatzungssoldaten in Österreich und Deutschland. – Seite 352