Articles
A Law of War? English Protection and Destruction of Ecclesiastical Property during the Fourteenth Century Rory Cox English Historical Review 2013 128: 1381-1417
Historians—both those who concentrate on military history and those who touch upon it in passing—often refer to the ‘laws of war’ in the middle ages without any clear idea of what this term actually implies. Ecclesiastical immunity during warfare has long been held as one such ‘law of war’; this article, however, questions the validity of identifying late medieval ideas of ecclesiastical immunity during wartime as valid ‘law’. The article focuses on English warfare in and around the fourteenth century (c.1290–c.1415), contrasting apparent attempts to protect ecclesiastical property with the widespread destruction of churches, abbeys, and other religious property during wartime. By comparing theoretical military conduct, as stipulated in military ordinances, with actual military conduct in the field, the article seeks to reveal medieval attitudes regarding the limitation of war. A number of English camp aigns from Edward I to Henry V are examined, with particular attention given to the Durham Ordinances of Richard II, created on the eve of his 1385 invasion of Scotland. It is argued that notions of ecclesiastical protection contained within military ordinances were based more on politico-military factors than on moral or legal considerations. Furthermore, it is argued, ecclesiastical immunity lacked fundamental characteristics of law—compliance, sanction, enforcement—and therefore cannot be identified as valid ‘law’.
Towards a New Jerusalem: The Committee for Regulating the Excise, 1649–1653 D’Maris Coffman English Historical Review 2013 128: 1418-1450
The development of the British excise establishment shows a high degree of path dependence. The Long Parliament and Commonwealth used the excise ordinances as collateral for a wide array of public debt instruments. Because of the extra-constitutionality and dubious legality of domestic commodity taxation and the necessity of satisfying creditors, the introduction of the excises in the 1640s were marked by an unprecedented degree of transparency, accountability, and a commitment to maintaining the ‘publike faith.’ The Long Parliament’s practice of ‘administration by legislation,’ coupled with aggressive oversight by the Commonwealth Committee for Regulating the Excise, created a body of procedures and precedents that the Restoration Treasury preserved and adapted in its attempts to settle the revenue. Analysis of Restoration redactions of the Committee’s minute and order books, coupled with examination of successive salary lists, offers i nsight into how this knowledge was preserved and transferred through successive regimes. To a surprising degree, the structure of the eighteenth-century excise establishment was in place by 1654. The resulting narrative complements and refines claims made by Braddick for the evolution of the Interregnum excise establishment. Although the restoration of Charles II marked a return to court borrowing, the domestic excise, the most important fiscal innovation of the Interregnum period, survived regime change—albeit in reduced form. North and Weingast associated legal protection of creditors and taxpayers, a commitment to servicing debt, and the idea of ‘public credit’ with the Revolution of 1688/89. In doing so, they neglect the specifically English origins of the Financial Revolution.
Disorder, Discipline, and Naval Reform in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Britain Sarah Kinkel English Historical Review 2013 128: 1451-1482
Historians have considered a series of reforms in the mid-1740s to mark a turning-point between British naval failure and British naval success; they have argued that these reforms were commonsensical, and motivated by purely naval concerns. In contrast, this article argues that the form and function of the mid-century Navy were deeply contentious matters with serious ideological implications. The reforms instituted a new professional naval culture based on order, discipline, and obedience and were motivated at least as much by political concerns as by naval. Those who supported these naval reforms also wanted to see similar hierarchical and authoritarian values enforced in imperial governance and in domestic socio-political hierarchies. Those who opposed the reforms did so from fears that a professional Navy would be turned inward on British civilians and would unbalance the constitution by over-strengthening the executive. Rather than a military composed of disciplined p rofessionals, they advocated more widespread civilian participation in both military and political affairs. Contemporary Britons believed that the Navy represented a microcosm of the social order, and they projected their idealised versions of the Anglo-imperial polity onto naval debates.
The Protestant Influence on the Origins of Irish Home Rule, 1861–1871 J.J. Golden English Historical Review 2013 128: 1483-1516
The campaigns for Irish Home Rule—self-government within the British Empire—shaped late Victorian British politics and dominated Irish nationalism for successive generations. However, the origins of the idea of Home Rule have not been sufficiently explored. Although Irish politics are often resolved into a Catholic/Nationalist and Protestant/Unionist dichotomy, this article examines the influence of Irish Anglicanism on the emergence of Home Rule. It argues that Irish Protestants viewed the establishment of the Church of Ireland as integral to the Act of Union, and that, consequently, nationalistic language conditioned the Church’s response to threats towards disestablishment. When the first Gladstone government did disestablish the Church in 1869, the experience of organising a lay-clerical synodical structure ironically provided a model of local Irish governance. The early Home Rulers, launching the Home Government Association in 1870, both built on the language of Protestant nationality developed in the opposition to Home Rule and used the Church’s synod as a framework for self-government within the British Empire. Culturally, this first Home Rule organisation had more similarities with a discussion society than with nationalist agitation. It argued for federalism as a way of securing a more workable version of the Union. In this iteration, Home Rule was highly Protestant in ethos and conservative in range.
Review Article
Leviathan Deborah Baumgold English Historical Review 2013 128: 1417-1524
Book Reviews
Romans, Barbarians, and the Transformation of the Roman World: Cultural Interaction and the Creation of Identity in Late Antiquity, ed. Ralph W. Mathisen and Danuta Shanzer Edward James English Historical Review 2013 128: 1525-1527
The Armenians in the Medieval Islamic World. Vol. I: The Arab Period in Armīniyah, Seventh to Eleventh Centuries, by Seta B. Dadoyan Tara L. Andrews English Historical Review 2013 128: 1527-1528
Bede and the End of Time, by Peter Darby R. Sowerby English Historical Review 2013 128: 1529-1531
Power and Its Problems in Carolingian Europe, by Stuart Airlie Charles West English Historical Review 2013 128: 1531-1532
Ansgar, Rimbert and the Forged Foundations of Hamburg-Bremen, by Eric Knibbs Scott Ashley English Historical Review 2013 128: 1533-1534
Flanders and the Anglo-Norman World, 1066–1216, by Eljas Oksanen Judith A. Green English Historical Review 2013 128: 1534-1536
The Cambridge Companion to Francis of Assisi, ed. Michael J.P. Robson Thomas J. Herbst English Historical Review 2013 128: 1536-1538
Poverty, Heresy and the Apocalypse: The Order of Apostles and Social Change in Medieval Italy, 1260–1307, by Jerry B. Pierce G. Geltner English Historical Review 2013 128: 1538-1539
Wales and the Welsh in the Middle Ages: Essays Presented to J. Beverley Smith, ed. R.A. Griffiths and P.R. Schofield Susan M. Johns English Historical Review 2013 128: 1539-1541
Integration und Desintegration der Kulturen im europäischen Mittelalter, ed. Michael Borgolte, Julia Dücker, Marcel Müllerburg and Bernd Schneidmüller Len Scales English Historical Review 2013 128: 1541-1544
Studying Medieval Rulers and their Subjects: Central Europe and Beyond, by János M. Bak, ed. Balázs Nagy and Gábor Klaniczay Jonathan Shepard English Historical Review 2013 128: 1544-1546
Municipal Officials, Their Public, and the Negotiation of Justice in Medieval Languedoc: Fear Not the Madness of the Raging Mob, by Patricia Turning Hannah Skoda English Historical Review 2013 128: 1546-1547
The Book of Michael of Rhodes: A Fifteenth-Century Maritime Manuscript. Volume I: Facsimile, ed. David McGee; Volume II: Transcription and Translation, ed. Alan M. Stahl; Volume III: Studies, ed. Pamela O. Long Christopher Wright English Historical Review 2013 128: 1547-1549
The Bohun of Fressingfield Cartulary, ed. Bridget Wells-Furby Peter Coss English Historical Review 2013 128: 1549-1550
The Late Medieval English Church: Vitality and Vulnerability before the Break with Rome, by G.W. Bernard L. Sangha English Historical Review 2013 128: 1550-1552
The Anglo-Florentine Renaissance: Art for the Early Tudors, ed. Cinzia Maria Sicca and Louis A. Waldman C.S.L. Davies English Historical Review 2013 128: 1552-1554
A European Frontier Elite: The Nobility of the English Pale in Tudor Ireland, 1496–1566, by Gerald Power Dublin and the Pale in the Renaissance, c.1540–1660, ed. Michael Potterton and Thomas Herron J.P.D. Cooper English Historical Review 2013 128: 1554-1557
Brokering Empire: Trans-Imperial Subjects between Venice and Istanbul, by E. Natalie Rothman Sally McKee English Historical Review 2013 128: 1557-1558
A King Travels: Festive Traditions in Late Medieval and Early Modern Spain, by Teofilo F. Ruiz Jodi Campbell English Historical Review 2013 128: 1558-1560
Sacred History: Uses of the Christian Past in the Renaissance World, ed. Katherine van Liere, Simon Ditchfield and Howard Louthan Jan Machielsen English Historical Review 2013 128: 1560-1562
Alchymie a Rudolf II: Hledání tajemství přírody ve střední Evropě v 16. a 17. století, ed. Ivo Purš and Vladimír Karpenko Rožmberkové: Rod českých velmožů a jeho cesta dějinami, ed. Jaroslav Pánek et al. R.J.W. Evans English Historical Review 2013 128: 1562-1564
The Earl of Essex and Late Elizabethan Political Culture, by Alexandra Gajda Neil Younger English Historical Review 2013 128: 1564-1566
Court Politics and the Earl of Essex, 1589–1601, by Janet Dickinson Stephen Alford English Historical Review 2013 128: 1566-1568
Theatre of State: Parliament and Political Culture in Early Stuart England, by Chris R. Kyle John Morrill English Historical Review 2013 128: 1568-1569
Godly Republicanism: Puritans, Pilgrims, and a City on a Hill, by Michael P. Winship Owen Stanwood English Historical Review 2013 128: 1569-1571
The Middleton Papers: The Financial Problems of a Yorkshire Recusant Family in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, ed. José Bosworth, Pat Hudson, Maureen Johnson and Denise Shillitoe M.A. Jervis English Historical Review 2013 128: 1571-1572
A Confusion of Tongues: Britain’s Wars of Reformation, 1625–1642, by Charles W.A. Prior Clive Holmes English Historical Review 2013 128: 1572-1574
The Sick Child in Early Modern England, 1580–1720, by Hannah Newton Martin Ingram English Historical Review 2013 128: 1574-1576
What Else is Pastoral? Renaissance Literature and the Environment, by Ken Hiltner Andrew McRae English Historical Review 2013 128: 1576-1577
Material Readings of Early Modern Culture: Texts and Social Practices, 1580–1730, ed. James Daybell and Peter Hinds Marcy L. North English Historical Review 2013 128: 1577-1579
Commercial Republicanism in the Dutch Golden Age: The Political Thought of Johan & Pieter de la Court, by Arthur Weststeijn Charles-Édouard Levillain English Historical Review 2013 128: 1579-1581
Devising, Dying and Dispute: Probate Litigation in Early Modern England, by Lloyd Bonfield R.A. Houston English Historical Review 2013 128: 1581-1583
Casualties of Credit: The English Financial Revolution, 1620–1720, by Carl Wennerlind Ann M. Carlos English Historical Review 2013 128: 1583-1585
Early Orientalism: Imagined Islam and the Notion of Sublime Power, by Ivan Kalmar Robert Irwin English Historical Review 2013 128: 1585-1586
Ireland and Empire, 1692–1770, by Charles Ivar McGrath The Militia in Eighteenth-Century Ireland: In Defence of the Protestant Interest, by Neal Garnham Aaron Graham English Historical Review 2013 128: 1586-1590
The Little Republic: Masculinity and Domestic Authority in Eighteenth-Century Britain, by Karen Harvey Faramerz Dabhoiwala English Historical Review 2013 128: 1590-1591
Man’s Estate: Landed Gentry Masculinities, 1660–1900, by Henry French and Mark Rothery Ben Griffin English Historical Review 2013 128: 1591-1593
Poverty, Gender and the Life-cycle under the English Poor Law, 1760–1834, by Samantha Williams David R. Green English Historical Review 2013 128: 1593-1595
La Monarchie de Juillet, 1830–1848, by Gabriel de Broglie Christopher Guyver English Historical Review 2013 128: 1595-1596
French Liberalism from Montesquieu to the Present Day, ed. Raf Geenens and Helena Rosenblatt G. Jacobson English Historical Review 2013 128: 1596-1598
Legends of the Caucasus, by David Hunt David Hopkin English Historical Review 2013 128: 1598-1600
A People of One Book: The Bible and the Victorians, by Timothy Larsen S.C. Williams English Historical Review 2013 128: 1600-1602
Victorian Culture and Classical Antiquity: Art, Opera, Fiction, and the Proclamation of Modernity, by Simon Goldhill H. Ellis English Historical Review 2013 128: 1602-1603
The Risorgimento Revisited: Nationalism and Culture in Nineteenth-Century Italy, ed. Silvana Patriarca and Lucy Riall Danilo Raponi English Historical Review 2013 128: 1603-1605
William Gladstone: New Studies and Perspectives, ed. Roland Quinault, Roger Swift and Ruth Clayton Windscheffel John-Paul McCarthy English Historical Review 2013 128: 1605-1607
British Envoys to Germany, 1816–1866. Volume IV: 1851–1866, ed. Markus Mösslang, Chris Manias and Torsten Riotte John R. Davis English Historical Review 2013 128: 1607-1609
On the Fringes of Diplomacy: Influences on British Foreign Policy, 1800–1940, ed. John Fisher and Antony Best Peter J. Yearwood English Historical Review 2013 128: 1609-1612
Zwangsarbeit im Ersten Weltkrieg: Deutsche Arbeitskräftepolitik im besetzten Polen und Litauen, by Christian Westerhoff Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius English Historical Review 2013 128: 1612-1614
At Home and Under Fire: Air Raids and Culture in Britain from the Great War to the Blitz, by Susan R. Grayzel Martin Francis English Historical Review 2013 128: 1614-1616
The Spanish Holocaust: Inquisition and Extermination in Twentieth-Century Spain, by Paul Preston Rob Stradling English Historical Review 2013 128: 1616-1619
The Stalin Cult: A Study in the Alchemy of Power, by Jan Plamper Judith Devlin English Historical Review 2013 128: 1619-1621
On the Eve: The Jews of Europe before the Second World War, by Bernard Wasserstein Steven Beller English Historical Review 2013 128: 1621-1623
Reichskommissariat Ostland: Tatort und Erinnerungsobjekt, ed. Sebastian Lehmann, Robert Bohn and Uwe Danker Jeff Rutherford English Historical Review 2013 128: 1623-1625
In War’s Wake: Europe’s Displaced Persons in the Postwar Order, by Gerard Daniel Cohen Sharif Gemie English Historical Review 2013 128: 1625-1627
Novel Outlooks on the Marshall Plan: American Aid and European Re-Industrialization, ed. by Francesca Fauri and Paolo Tedeschi Kathleen Burk English Historical Review 2013 128: 1627-1628
Le choix de la CEE par la France: L’Europe économique en débat de Mendès France à de Gaulle (1955–1969), by Laurent Warlouzet E. Chabal English Historical Review 2013 128: 1628-1630
Modern Motherhood: Women and Family in England, 1945–2000, by Angela Davis Laura King English Historical Review 2013 128: 1630-1632
Ages of Reform: Dawns and Downfalls of the British Left, by Kenneth O. Morgan Matthew Johnson English Historical Review 2013 128: 1632-1634
Army, Empire, and Cold War: The British Army and Military Policy, 1945–1971, by David French Wm. Roger Louis English Historical Review 2013 128: 1634-1636
Bought and Sold: Living and Losing the Good Life in Socialist Yugoslavia, by Patrick Hyder Patterson Catherine Baker English Historical Review 2013 128: 1636-1638
Other PublicationsAttention is also drawn to the following publications: English Historical Review 2013 128: 1639-1644
Annual Index English Historical Review 2013 128: 1645-1648