In the course of the ‘spatial turn’, research recognised spaces as socially produced (but nonetheless materialised), capable of much more than just housing people, animals or things. Spaces influence actions and behaviours and are at the same time the result of them, because they are circumscribed by them, arranged and given meaning.
Within the discipline of history, such a social constructivist conception of space has so far been used primarily to focus on nation-based spaces, urban planning concepts or transport routes. Ordinary everyday practices, patterns of social relations or personal experiences, on the other hand, have only been marginally examined in terms of their relation to and dependence on space. Work that connects processes of subjectification to how space is experienced is also largely still to be done.
Important impulses for such a perspective on space come from gender studies. The field has long been able to show, across epochs, that conflicts over space have been fought out decisively within gender relations, because gender-related opportunities for social participation correspond to gender-specific allocations of space (private and public). The realisation that gender and space are not categories that can be thought of independently of each other, but that they condition and confirm each other, has so far only to a limited extent been historicised within contemporary history and applied to the history of everyday life.
This is the point of departure for the planned conference, where we will deal with gendered practices of appropriating space in the second half of the 20th century, specifically with situations in which spaces were produced, reproduced, changed and experienced in a gendered way. At the same time, we are concerned with the significance of space for gendered processes of subjectification and - this seems to us to be particularly profitable - related counter-reactions or resistance. Accordingly, we are guided by the questions of how space is gendered by social actors and what meanings it is given, but also what structuring effects previous spatialities have had on actors. Intersectional perspectives are explicitly included in this framework, as particular experiences of discrimination inevitably challenge how space is experienced.
We invite interested researchers to submit a proposal for a paper. The following topics and questions are intended to provide guidance, but do not exclude other aspects and ideas.
1. Space as a performative act
- Through which practices or actions are spaces gendered? How do gender relations affect the production and use of spaces, or to what extent are these spatially structured and shaped?
- Which actors have been involved in the gendering of space (and its divisions), from which positions of power and with the help of which means has it been enforced, influenced, appropriated or prevented? To what extent can performatively constructed spaces (such as the parade ground, the topless protest or street prostitution) be, following Foucault, understood as signs or strategies of power?
2. Social counter-spaces ('out of place' concept)
- How have marginalised groups negotiated and shifted the conditions and restrictions of access to public space at different times?
- What practices have marginalised groups used to fight for visibility or for "safe spaces" (e.g. women's shelters, feminist housing projects, gay bars) - and what reactions have such counter-spaces provoked? What consequences has the creation of counter-spaces had in relation to gender difference or the distribution of space?
- Which practices, techniques, media, symbols or semantics have been used in the reinterpretation of spaces, the creation of separate spaces or the resistance against gender-specific interpretations or distributions of space?
3. Spatial consequences of globalisation
- How has migration changed gender relations and the production and use of public and private spaces across borders?
- Where does the gendered negotiation of access to and appropriation of local and transnational spaces become visible (in historical sources)?
- To what extent can transnational social spaces be understood as extending the public sphere of the country of origin?
4. Staging gender
- To what extent has the artistic staging of gender or gender-specific performance been spatial?
- How have certain spaces and places - the disco, the theatre, the drag show - influenced the performance of gender?
We explicitly invite reflections on questions of methodology and sources:
- Does the focus on the entanglement of space and gender demand a particular form of source criticism?
- The perspectives of white, male actors, who are also easier to win over for eyewitness interviews, dominate in the field of contemporary history. In addition, the history of everyday life is accompanied by its very own source problems. How can these difficulties be countered? In what ways can we deduce the experiences of marginalised actors from the sources, what new source material could provide insight?
Proposals for a 20-minute presentation (title and synopsis) should be sent to laura.hassler@zzf-potsdam.de or ramsbrock@zzf-potsdam.de by 8 March 2022. The costs for second class train travel, or air travel upon consultation, and accommodation for two nights will be covered.