Organised by: Dr. Annalisa Martin, Prof. Dr. Annelie Ramsbrock, Naima Tiné, M.A. (Chair for Modern History, University of Greifswald)
Since the 1980s, the history of medicine has been undergoing a gradual reorientation: whereas for a long time it was written as a historicist success story fuelled by a succession of various discoveries by (mostly male) doctors, historians have since been engaged in a critically examination of medical practices. Recent medical studies show that there are significant gender and sex differences in the diagnosis, treatment and risk prediction of a large number of diseases. Reference to gender differences here include diverse gender identities and their relevance in everyday life, including queer, trans and non-binary people. At the same time, medical research is still often focussed on the male normative body, ignoring or only superficially considering gender aspects and other diversity characteristics into account. Finally, medical reports continue to play a significant role in the fight for the recognition of trans identities, illustrating that gender and medicine are closely intertwined. Gender and medicine have a reciprocal relationship: medicine is gendered in many ways and, conversely, the gendering of patients takes place through medical practices and concepts.
The conference chooses this relationship as a starting point. It aims to explore the social dimensions of medical thought and action since the 19th century and therefore to historicise the relationship between medicine and gender. The body has always been a contested field, its status quo neither self-evident nor essential. Various medical concepts and practices have existed in parallel, particularly evident in the nineteenth century. On the one hand, the compression of time and space, i.e. the shortening of transport and communication routes, made the global transfer of knowledge across national, cultural and linguistic borders possible and led to the fusion, appropriation and reorganisation of knowledge about the body and gender. On the other hand, different political currents developed varying requirements for (gender-specific) medicine. The body and the ideal of physical integrity took centre stage in socialist debates about exploitation, working conditions and wages. In addition, hegemonic medicine was violently enforced against the oppressed body both in the colonies and in the European slums and became a common instrument of power that legitimised biopolitical measures on the basis of natural science. As a result, gender-specific medical parameters also became the object of bourgeois, nationalist and imperialist politics. Here too, the dichotomous two-gender model led to different demands on the male and female body and contributed to the consolidation of this model.
At our conference, we want to discuss the theoretical and methodological claim of a recursive and critical history of knowledge of medicine and gender. The following themes and questions are conceivable:
A first set of possible questions deals with the different gender concepts that characterised medical currents and which they themselves produced. What were the basic ontological assumptions on which they were based, and to what extent was their mutability reflected in diagnostics, therapy and research? And vice versa: to what extent did medical logics of action contribute to the (de)stabilisation of the gender order as the foundation of (bourgeois) society?
A second set of questions focuses on the influence of economics, religion and politics on gender-specific medical practices. To what extent was the significance of illness and health blurred beneath socio-political interests, including imperialism and colonialism?
Thirdly, the focus will be on patient autonomy over medical interventions in or on their bodies. Which scientific, social or cultural developments triggered identity-related shifts in medical practice? What did the concrete struggle for interpretative sovereignty over one's own body look like in various antagonistic constellations? Who were the actors in such struggles and where did these struggles take place?
Conference language will be German, but participants may present their paper in English.
Please send an abstract (maximum 300 words) plus a short biography (50-100 words) to naima.tine@uni-greifswald.de by 1 March 2024 at the latest. Second class train travel, air travel (on request) and accommodation will be reimbursed if necessary.