This conference seeks to explore how processes of change affecting the conditions, means, and opportunities of communication in the western world since 1800 have affected the perception and the evaluation of silence and concealment. Silence is understood broadly as the absence of communication where it could have been expected, or relevant, and it encompasses forms of concealment. Our approach is phenomenological; as soon as communication is perceived or claimed as absent, or can reasonably be argued to be absent, we are dealing with silence. The object of investigation is therefore not limited to synchronous oral communication, but also includes a multitude of written, oral, and multimodal forms of analogue as well as digital communication, as well as a broad variety of historical and social contexts.
The relevance of silence as a communicative phenomenon and changes of its uses, role, and evaluation becomes manifest in the communication history of western modernity in at least five aspects:
First, silence is part of a changing communicative landscape in the constitution of modern societies such as increasing literacy, development of mass media and different modalities of mediated communication, digitisation, and the rise of social media. In this context, we can hypothesise that with increasing production of and exposure to communication, expectations of communication have risen, but also the disappointment when expected communication is omitted or is not taking place.
Second, processes of democratisation have increased the demand for information and transparency and for inclusive and active participation in political processes and discourse. This also triggers an increasing volume of public discourse and with it, increasing expectations of communication. Within this context, silence especially in public discourse can be scandalised. Moreover, refusal to engage in communication and with political discourse can be criticised as foregoing participation. This is even true for modern dictatorships that must also acknowledge the expectations of participation emerging during the long 19th century and therefore develop pseudo-democratic processes of consensual communication in which refusal to engage in communication can also be seen as resistance.
Third, for people with diverse ethnic, ability, or gender backgrounds, the availability of forums for expression and the chances of being listened to become crucial for their inclusion. Here, we could investigate ways in which members of diverse groups try to work against silence in analogue and digital communication and to mobilise for inclusion. However, exactly these strategies of obtaining resonance are also being used with to increase the acceptability of an anti-democratic and not least exclusionary political agenda, for example, when a purported left-liberal hegemony and mainstream media are accused of inhibiting freedom of expression and reducing the diversity of political opinions.
Fourth, together with increased opportunities for and expectations of communication, hopes have risen that it can help us to solve problems and ease conflicts. Political dialogue and negotiations, as well as conflict mediation and therapeutical talking cures are meant to avoid or help overcoming problems, whereas communicative reticence is seen as an obstacle to achieving this.
Fifth, social and cultural liberalisation especially since the second half of the 20th century brings with it processes of de-tabooing of traumatic experience, mental health, bodily functions, gender and sexuality, illness, and disability. It would be interesting to investigate how such changes are negotiated in debates about what can(not) be said and at attempts to (re)draw borders of possibility and acceptability.
We are asking for contributions that relate to the aspects sketched above while looking into the uses, functions, perceptions, and evaluations of silence in analogue or digital communication and with a view on historical change. Questions such as the following could be pursued:
- What are the functions of silence in different situational, institutional, and media contexts? How do such functions change within the background of various broader processes of social change?
- Which societal, political, or other consequences arise from controversial debates about the meaning and legitimacy of silence?
- Which cultural values are associated with silence (and with communication as its implicit counterpart) in analogue and digital communication, and what are the implications of this?
- In which contexts and at which times is there potentially a rise or a drop in expectations of communication? Which consequences does this have for the way in which silence is evaluated?
- What is the relationship between opportunities of communication and silence with societal inclusion or marginalization?
The conference will be bilingual (English and German). Please submit an abstract (max 500 words excluding references) by 17 June 2024 via email to: theo.jung@geschichte.uni-halle.de. You will hear back from the organising committee by the end of July 2024. The talks will be scheduled for 20 minutes, with 10 minutes for discussion. We are planning to publish selected contributions. There will be no charge for registration. We are aiming to be able to support early-career researchers lacking financial backing from an institution with their costs for travel and/or accommodation. If this applies to you, please contact Professor Theo Jung (theo.jung@geschichte.uni-halle.de).