Stred/Centre ist eine begutachtete Zeitschrift, die auf das Studium von Gesellschaft, Politik und Kultur im zentralen Europa des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts ausgerichtet ist. Die Zeitschrift ist ökumenisch in gewählten methodologischen und fachlichen Ansätzen und strebt danach, Wissenschaftlern aus möglichst breitestem Spektrum der Geisteswissenschaften, die sich mit der Forschung des gegebenen zeitlichen und geographischen Raumes beschäftigen, einen Publizierungsraum anzubieten. Die einzelnen Nummern werden monothematisch sein, sodass die wissenschaftlichen Studien miteinander thematisch verknüpft werden.
Die vorliegende Ausgabe der Zeitschrift widmet sich den verschiedenen Formen der Fortschrittsbewegung in den Böhmischen Länder in den Jahren 1890-1920. Sie verknüpft politik- und sozialgeschichtlichen Studien mit biografischer Darstellung einzelner führenden Persönlichkeiten der Fortschrittsbewegung.
Der Diskussionsbeitrag behandelt in einer grenzüberschreitenden Perspektive den Fall von sozialistischen Diktaturen in Zentral- und Osteuropa. Nach 20 Jahren werden die Ursprünge und Folgen Rekapituliert, die nicht nur eine lokale, sondern viel mehr eine globale Dimension hatten.
Obsah/Contents
Úvodem/ Preface 5
Vědecké stati / Studies
Martin Kučera Nástin vývoje českého pokrokářství (Portrayal of the Development of the Czech Progressive Movement) 9
Josef Tomeš Za samostatný český stát. Fenomén České strany státoprávně pokrokové (1908–1914)(Towards an independent Czech State. The phenomenon of the Czech Constitutional Progressive Party (1908–1914) 23
Richard Vašek Antonín Kalina. Příspěvek k portrétu českého politika a diplomata (Antonín Kalina. Contribution to the Portrait of a Czech Politician and Diplomat ) 63
Diskuse / Discussion
Jürgen Kocka Pád komunismu v Evropě 1989 a jeho příčiny a důsledky (The Fall of Communism in Europe 1989 and its Causes and Consequences) 93
Recenze / Reviews of Books
JIŘÍ OPELÍK, Čtrnáctero prací o Karlu Čapkovi a ještě jedna o Josefu Čapkovi jako přívažek (Vojtěch Malínek) 105
JOSEF VOJVODÍK, Povrch, skrytost, ambivalence. Manýrismus, baroko a (česká) avantgarda (Marie Langerová) 110
PETR SÝKORA, Básník proti Hradu. Neposlušný občan Josef Svatopluk Machar (Lucie Kostrbová) 116
JAROSLAV PÁNEK, OLDŘICH TŮMA a kol., Dějiny českých zemí (Karel Hruza) 121
JÜRGEN OSTERHAMMEL, Die Verwandlung der Welt. Eine Geschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts (Martina Krocová) 124
JIŘÍ ŠTAIF, František Palacký. Život, dílo, mýtus (Marie Bahenská) 134
YVETTA DÖRFLOVÁ, VĚRA DYKOVÁ, Kam se v Praze chodilo za múzami. Literární salony, kavárny, hospody a stolní společnosti
EVA BENDOVÁ, TOMÁŠ DVOŘÁK, DOMINIK HRODEK, ŠÁRKA KOŘÍNKOVÁ, Pražské kavárny a jejich svět (Helena Kokešová) 140
ALEŠ URVÁLEK a kol., Dějiny německého a rakouského konzervativního myšlení ( Jiří Georgiev) 147
JOSEF PETRÁŇ, Dvacáté století v Ouběnicích. Soumrak tradičního venkova (Vítězslav Sommer) 153
Abstracts
Martin Kučera Portrayal of the Development of the Czech Progressive Movement
The essay does not try to present a detailed history of the progressive movement, it rather outlines its development as a specific manifestation of the Czech national, constitutional, and at the beginning also social radicalism. It follows individual stages in internal diff erentiation of the movement, which influenced a considerable part of Czech middle class intellectuals and to a lesser degree those of the working class. It attempts to identify its connections to other parts of the Czech political system in the stormy period on nationalistic animosities, struggle for reforms in the Habsburg Monarchy and the development of modern political parties that were of mass nature, however of an interest type. Since the author recently published a number of relevant monograph studies, in this particular study he mostly summarizes findings obtained so far. The author presents a new interpretation of the biography of a cofounder of the progressive movement Antonín Hajn (1867–1949) as well, who was the main carrier of its tradition.
Josef TomešTowards an Independent Czech State. Th e Phenomenon of the Czech Constitutional Progressive Party
In the context of its time, the party represented a unique phenomenon in many respects: it demanded the speedy restoration of an independent Czech state in the framework of Austria-Hungary on the basis of the Czech historical state law, securing the dominant position of the Czech nation. It was in favour of the radical opposition to the Vienna government centralism and represented a uncompromising stand against the privileged position of the German minority in the Czech kingdom. It was also in favour of political democratisation and substantial social reforms. Th e Austro-Hungarian monarchy was understood as a platform for Czech national struggle in peaceful times before the war. However,for the future existence of the Czech nation it counted on the future international development, assuming that an European wide war confl ict was coming, and with it the opportunity for eff orts to achieve full independence of the Czech state. For that reason the party favoured an independent Czech foreign policy, oriented toward powers antagonist to Austria-Hungary, attempting to use their assistance in making the Czech question an international issue in peaceful times. At the same time it paid greater attention than it was usual in Czech politics to international situation, predicting in its press that the war was coming. In the period of escalated international tension after the annexation of Bosnia-Hercegovina at the turn of 1908 and 1909, during the Balkan wars in 1912–1913, and in the Spring 1914, some of the party leaders and journalists made backstairs investigations in Russia and England to fi nd out the possibilities for Czech foreign activities in the case the war broke out. It proclaimed its program direction more or less openly in May 1914 in the so called Manifest to Europe, which was approved at its congress. Shortly it was published in its central daily Samostatnost (Independence) in Czech, Russian and French versions. As the only Czech political party, it completely separated itself from the existence of Austria-Hungary already at the eve of the war, and adopted formation of the Czech State outside the empire. At the same time it anticipated the idea of foreign and domestic resistance. From the beginning of the war the party and its individual members actively participated both in the domestic and foreign resistance. In February 1918 it formed, with other middle class Czech political parties, the Czech Constitutional Democracy, reorganized in 1919 into the Czechoslovak National Democracy, in which the former members represented the idealist national wing.
Richard VašekAntonín Kalina. Contribution to the Portrait of a Czech Politician and Diplomat
In the form of a biographical sketch the study introduces Antonín Kalina as a politician, diplomat and a long-standing deputy in the Czech Diet and Reichsrat, representing the Czech Constitutional Progressive Party. The text summarizes his pre-war as well as war activities, and since this period is generally less known, special attention is also paid to his activities after the World War I. As his career of a deputy was his most signifi cant political period, a review of activities of the Czech Constitutional Progressive Party and its representation in legislative bodies (Reichsrat, Czech Diet) in 1908–1918 is presented in the fi rst part of the study. This part explores the social and political setting and its infl uence on Antonín Kalina. Other significant personalities of the Czech Constitutional Progressive Party are mentioned briefly as well, particularly Kalina’s Parliamentary colleagues. The second part of the study focuses on Kalina’s activities after 1918, when he became the first Czechoslovak ambassador in Yugoslavia (more exactly, then the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovines). This part explores the beginning and work of the Czechoslovak diplomatic service in Yugoslavia during first post-war years with all its difficulties and shortcomings.