Obsah – Contents
Úvodem/Preface 5
Vědecké stati / Studies
Nancy M. Wingfield The Germans’ Sonnwendfeier: From Folk Festival to Radical Right-Wing Mobilizing Ritual 9
Dagmar Hájková – Pavel Horák Oslavy narozenin prezidentů v meziválečném Československu / Celebrations of Presidents’ Birthdays in Interwar Czechoslovakia 32
Johannes Florian Kontny Herrschaftsvermittlung an der Staatsgrenze? Der Staatsfeiertag und die Besuche der Präsidenten in Znojmo/Znaim während der Zwischenkriegszeit / Communication of Power At the State Border? October 28 And the Presidential Visits in Znojmo/Znaim During the Interwar Period 59
Michal Pehr Katolická církev, úprava svátkového práva a Marmaggiho aféra v meziválečném Československu / The Catholic Church, the Amendment to the Holiday Legislature, and the Marmaggi Aff air in the Interwar Czechoslovakia 89
Recenze – Reviews of Books
STEFANO BIANCHINI, Eastern Europe and the Challenges of Modernity, 1800-2000 (Stanislav Holubec) 117
KLAUS GARBER, Das alte Breslau. Kulturgeschichte einer geistigen Metropole (Gregor Thum) 120
PETER HALLAMA, Nationale Helden und jüdische Opfer. Tschechiche Repräsentationen des Holocaust (Hana Kubátová) 125
LENKA ŘEZNÍKOVÁ a kol., Figurace paměti: J. A. Komenský v kulturách vzpomínání 19. a 20. století (Marek Fapšo) 129
EDITH SAURER, Liebe und Arbeit: Geschlechterbeziehungen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (Jan Mareš) 134
PHILIPP THER, Die neue Ordnung auf dem alten Kontinent. Eine Geschichte des neoliberalen Europa (Vítězslav Sommer) 140
Zprávy a anotace / Short Reviews and Annotations149
Seznam autorů / List of Authors 170
Autorům / Editorial Note 171
Abstracts
The Germans’ Sonnwendfeier: From Folk Festival to Radical Right-Wing Mobilizing RitualNancy M. WingfieldThis article analyzes the transition of German summer solstice celebrations in the Bohemian Lands from folk festivals to radical right-wing mobilizing rituals between the turn of the twentieth century and 1938. During the interwar period, these celebrations were a response to the historic and/or invented traditions of the First Republic, which were at the intersection of Czech (-oslovak) national identity as a construction of linguistic-cultural affiliation. The transformation of the Sonnwendfeier to a modern, mass, radical right-wing tool for organizing and maintaining a racial community parallels the growing radicalization of the nationally identifying Germans across Habsburg Central Europe between the world wars. Summer solstice celebrations played an important role in the construction of a Sudeten German community from the bottom up during the 1930s.
Oslavy narozenin prezidentů v meziválečném ČeskoslovenskuDagmar Hájková – Pavel HorákThis study analyzes celebrations of presidents’ birthdays in interwar Czechoslovakia. The authors discuss the formative role of the holidays within the framework of the construction of Czechoslovak national identity. They focus on new forms of the celebrations and discuss how the earlier pattern of Emperor Francis Joseph Festivities were employed in republican festivities. The authors deal with political negotiations of festival regulations and codes as well as their implementation in practice. They analyze which narratives were employed for the image of the president and the presidency in general. They also illuminate how first Czechoslovak president Tomáš G. Masaryk‘s birthday was commemorated after his abdication and particularly after his death, and how the festivity was changed after Edvard Beneš became president.
Herrschaftsvermittlung an der Staatsgrenze? Der Staatsfeiertag und die Besuche der Präsidenten in Znojmo/Znaim während der ZwischenkriegszeitJohannes Florian Kontny The article deals with the celebrations for the Czechoslovak First Republic on the state holiday (October 28) and the visits of Presidents Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and Edvard Beneš to the Moravian border town Znojmo/Znaim. This town on the Czech-German “language border” only became part of Czechoslovakia in late December 1918. During the interwar period, both the state holiday as well as the visits of the presidents were used to create loyalty to the state and its local representatives. These events reflect the understanding of the state in local politics. During the twenties, the celebrations on October 28 were solely dominated by Czech parties and resulted in conflicts with their German counterparts. The understanding of the state holiday changed during the thirties. Against the backdrop of political turmoil in Czechoslovakia and Europe, the festivities on October 28 provided an opportunity to construct unity in a multinational state.
Katolická církev, úprava svátkového práva a Marmaggiho aféra v meziválečném ČeskoslovenskuMichal PehrThe issue of celebrating church holidays as state holidays is an example of the development of the relationship between the interwar Czechoslovak republic and the Catholic Church, as well as one of political Catholicism’s real successes in interwar Czechoslovakia. Political Catholicism managed to defend most church holidays in the changed political landscape. Introducing the single new, and anti-Catholic, Mr. Jan Hus holiday in the newly created state in 1925 caused a diplomatic affair between Czechoslovakia and the Holy See, and indirectly provoked significant domestic political unrest.